Audio Editing GoldWave 5.58 Chinese Version
January 2, 2011
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red hat enterprise linux as 5 announced _ibmire81
August 15, 2011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 5 released version is now Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Beta 1, the last one dish really small, really a waste of disk engraved sheets only 424KBinary Disc 1 602M 0a7aed3e9c5a74933616afc94f2e0ad7Binary Disc 2 605M e4dba29950b8a08ac87c1b87b1acd74fBinary Disc 3 605M c3b4311fdec63a505ef9c2b96c9643ebBinary Disc 4 449M f8dd798ea6c85e97d4926d6726d6f4eeBinary Disc 5 424K aaec54774b1c8c81748a8940a99737e7 Download measures see [url] http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=8 18517 and later registered an account can download the drawing, ha ha, early adopters pandamandy . net quickly go ah:) Oh, no, landlord released so quickly, not AS5 ah, from version 5: New Packaging StructureThe architecture of the media kit and RHN channel structure has changedfrom previous versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The number ofdifferent variants and media kits has been reduced to key machine defecate annual fee credit card consumers of the new rules the following: * Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Client * Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 ServerRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server * Cluster – Fail-Over clustering and Web load balancing * ClusterStorage – Parallel storage access via clustered volume managerand GFS cluster file system * Virtualization – Xen virtualization environmentRed Hat Enterprise Linux Client * Desktop – Desktop applications including Evolution and OpenOffice (notavailable on the Server) * Workstation – Full Engineering Workstation and Developer package set * Virtualization – Xen virtualization environment do not find out why there is 424K of disk [url] http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=8 25631
Suzhou Suzhou great friend isopropyl alcohol chemical sales hotline small quarter 13451615165
June 4, 2010
great friends in Suzhou, Suzhou isopropyl alcohol chemical sales hotline small quarter 13,451,615,165 basic information Synonyms: Dimethyl methanol; 2 – propanol, also for the industry: IPA English name: iso-Propyl alcohol; isopropanol; Dimethylcarbinol; 2-Propanol IPA known formula: C3H8O; (CH3) 2CHOH it is n-propanol CH3-CH2-CH2OH of the isomers. InChI 1/CH4N2O/c2-1 (3) 4 / h (H4, 2,3,4) / f/h2-3H2CAS No. 67-63-0RTECS No. NT8050000: colorless transparent volatile liquid. There seems a mixture of ethanol and acetone smell, the smell is not. The steam can be the eyes, nose and throat, a slight stimulation; be absorbed through the skin. Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and most organic solvents. With water, alcohol, ether phase immiscibility. Defecate and water entry unit annual fee new credit card consumers can form azeotrope rules. It is flammable vapors form explosive mixtures with air, explosive limit lower 2.5 vol.% Upper 12.7 vol.% (Volume) is a medium-explosive dangerous goods. The steam flow can scroll through a long distance, and can produce tempered. Vapor pressure (Pa): 92232 (80 ℃); 38463 (60 ℃); 1187 (0 ℃) Viscosity mPa? S (20 ℃): 2.1 Vapor Density VaporDensity: 2.07 (Air Air = 1) molecular dipole moment 1.66 D gas toxicity: toxic. Odor: Pleasant.Odorresemblingthatofamixtureofethanolandacetone.Taste: Bitter. (Slight.) pH (1% soln / water): Notavailable.Volatility: Notavailable.OdorThreshold: 22ppm (Sittig, 1991) 700ppmforunadapted panelists (Verschuren, 1983) .Water / OilDist.Coeff .: Theproductisequallysolubleinoilandwater; log (oil / wa ter) = 0.1Ionicity (inWater): Notavailable.DispersionProperties: Seesolubilityinwater, methanol, diethylether, n-octan ol, acetone.mp -88.5 ℃. bp82.5 ℃. Fp (closed cup) 53 ℃ (.7 ℉) n20D1.3772. Toxicity LD50 (mg / kg): rat oral 5800. [Uses] important chemical products and raw materials. Mainly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, plastics, spices, paint and electronics industry as a dehydrating agent and cleaning agent. Determination of barium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, potassium, sodium and strontium and other reagents. Chromatographic analysis of reference material. Electronics industry. In many industrial and consumer products, isopropyl alcohol used as a low-cost solvent, also used as extractant. European Solvents Industry Group (ESIG), said intermediate demand in Europe in 2001 accounted for 32% isopropyl alcohol consumption, 14% isopropanol for anti-icing agent, 13% used in paints and resins, with 9% in drugs, 4% and 3% for food for the ink and adhesives. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as a solvent oil and gel, and feed concentrates for fish meal manufacture. Isopropyl alcohol with low-quality fuel in the car. As acetone, isopropyl alcohol in the decline in the amount of raw materials. There are several synthetic compounds with isopropyl alcohol, such as methyl isobutyl ketone, and many esters. Supply according to the different end-use quality alcohol. Anhydrous isopropyl alcohol 99% or more conventional quality, and special grade isopropyl alcohol content of 99.8% (for flavor and drugs). Used to produce acetone, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate and thymol, etc. In many cases, can be used instead of ethanol. C. Preparation method first with 90 to 95% sulfuric acid to absorb propylene CH3CHCH2 (separate from the thermal cracking of petroleum), following hydrolysis isopropyl sulfate, and then steamed distillation of isopropyl alcohol. Or acid cation resin and silicon acid homogeneous catalyst to make hydration of propylene derived. [] A packaging and storing flammable liquids. Kept under seal. 150Kg drum, should be in a cool, ventilated dedicated warehouse, away from the fire, according to the provisions of flammable chemical storage and transportation. [Material Safety Data Sheet] (in Chinese and English) MSDS isopropanol Part I: Chemical name Chemicals Chinese name: 2 – propanol English chemical name: 2-propanol 2 Chinese name: English name of isopropanol 2: isopropyl alcohol technical manual coding: 149CAS No.: 67-63-0 Molecular formula: C3H8O Molecular Weight: 60.10 Part II: Composition / Information on ingredients harmful substances CAS No.2-propanol 67-63-0 Part III: risk Overview of the risk categories: pathways: health hazards: exposure to high vapor concentrations, headache, drowsiness, ataxia, and eye, nose and throat irritation. Oral can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, drowsiness, coma and even death. Long-term skin contact can cause dry skin, chapped. Environmental hazards: Explosion Hazard: This product is flammable, irritating. Part IV: First aid measures Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin. Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water. For medical treatment. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Keep the airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, artificial respiration immediately. For medical treatment. Fresh into: drink enough water, induce vomiting. Gastric lavage. For medical treatment. Part V: hazardous characteristics: flammable vapor and air can form explosive mixtures case of fire, high-heat combustion caused the explosion. Violent reaction with the oxidizer. In the scene, heating containers risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to the lower Department of considerable local and met the fire will fire back. Hazardous combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Fire fighting methods: as far as possible to move containers from the scene empty Department. Water spray to keep fire containers cool until the end of fire. At the scene of containers, if any, change from the pressure relief safety devices have voices must evacuate immediately. Extinguishing Media: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Part VI: leak emergency response: rapid withdrawal from air leakage personnel to a safe area, and isolation and strict restrictions on access. Cut off the fire source. Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-Pressurized respirators to wear anti-static overalls. Possible cut off the source of leakage. Prevent from entering sewers, flood discharge trench so restrictive space. A small leak: sand or other non-combustible material to absorb. Also use a lot of water rinse, diluted Add Water Wastewater System. Large leak: to build a causeway or trenching asylum. Covered with foam to reduce vapors disasters. Ex pump used to transfer tankers or exclusive collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites. Part VII: Handling and Storage Precautions: closed operation, fully ventilated. Operator must go through specialized training, strict adherence to rules. Proposed operators wear filter respirators (half-mask), wear safety glasses, wearing anti-static overalls, wearing latex gloves. Away from fire, heat, workplace smoking. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. To prevent vapor leakage into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidizers, acids, halogens contact. Filling should control the flow rate, and there is grounding device to prevent accumulation of static electricity. Handling should care, and packaging and containers to prevent damage. Corresponding with the variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and emergency equipment leakage. Empty containers may be harmful residues. Storage: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Away from fire and heat. Storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep the container sealed. With oxidants, acids, halogens, etc. stored separately sealed. The use of explosion-proof lighting, ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of easy to produce sparks of mechanical equipment and tools. Storage areas should be equipped with spill response equipment and suitable host material. Part VIII: Exposure Control / Personal Protection Occupational exposure limits China MAC (mg/m3): 200 former Soviet Union MAC (mg/m3): 10TLVTN: OSHA 400ppm, 985mg/m3; ACGIH 400ppm, 983mg/m3TLVWN: ACGIH 500ppm, 1230mg/m3 monitoring methods: Engineering controls: closed production process, full ventilation. Provide a safety shower and eyewash equipment. Respiratory protection: Most do not need special protection, high concentrations can wear filter respirators (half-mask). Eye protection: Most do not need special protection, high concentration exposure wearing protective glasses. Physical protection: wear anti-static overalls. Hand protection: Wear latex gloves. Other: no smoking scene work. Maintain good health habits. Part IX: Physical and chemical characteristics of the main ingredients: Pure Appearance: colorless transparent liquid, like the smell of a mixture of ethanol and acetone. pH: Melting point (℃): -88.5 Boiling point (℃): 80.3 Relative density (water = 1): 0.79 Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.07 Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 4.40 (20 ℃) ??heat of combustion (kJ / mol): 1984.7 Critical temperature (℃): 275.2 Critical pressure (MPa): 4.76 Octanol / water partition coefficient values: <0.28 Flash point (℃): 12 Ignition temperature (℃): 399 Explosion limit% ( V / V): 12.7 Explosion limit% (V / V): 2.0 Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and most organic solvents. Main use: It is important to chemical products and raw materials. Mainly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, plastics, spices, paint and so on. Other physical and chemical properties: Part 10: Stability and Reactivity Stability: INCOMPATIBILITY: Strong oxidizers, acids, acid anhydrides, halogens. Conditions to avoid: Hazardous Polymerization: Decomposition products: Part XI: Toxicological information Acute toxicity: LD50: 5045 mg / kg (rat oral); 12800 mg / kg (rabbit percutaneous) LC50: Not available sub-acute and Chronic toxicity: irritation: Sensitization: Mutagenicity: Teratogenicity: Carcinogenicity: Part 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION toxicological toxicity: biodegradable: Non-biodegradable: Bioconcentration or bioaccumulation : Other harmful effects: the substance may be hazardous to the environment, the water should be given special attention. Part 13: the nature of waste disposal: Waste disposal methods: incineration disposal. Waste Note: 14: Transport Information Dangerous Goods Code: 32064UN Number: 1219 Packaging signs: Packaging: O52 Packing method: small open steel drums; ampoule outside the ordinary wooden box; threaded glass Lid pressure port glass bottles, plastic bottles or metal (cans) outside the ordinary wooden box; threaded bottles, plastic bottles or tinplate barrels (LP), full floor grille boxes, fibreboard or plywood box. Transportation Note: Transport The transport vehicle should be equipped with appropriate variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and emergency equipment leakage. The best summer morning and evening transportation. Transportation used in tank (tank) cars should be grounded chain, tank can be installed to reduce the partition hole static electricity shocks. Strictly prohibited and oxidants, acids, halogens, food chemicals, etc. mixed mixed operation. Transit should be anti-exposure, rain, high temperature. Stopovers should be away from fire, heat, high temperature zone. Shipment of the goods vehicle exhaust pipe must be equipped with fire retardant devices, prohibit the use of easy to produce sparks of mechanical handling equipment and tools. According to the provisions of road transport routes, not in residential areas and densely populated areas. Railway transportation to prohibit the slide release. Forbidden to use wooden, cement and bulk transport. Part XV: Regulatory Information MSDS brief description of a chemical on human health and environmental dangers and to provide safe handling, storage and use of the chemical information. As a service to users, manufacturers should provide users with the chemical product safety manual, allowing users to understand the hazards of chemicals, used to actively engage in protection, decrease the risk of occupational hazards and prevention of chemical accidents role. MSDS by the manufacturer in accordance with relevant rules of their own writing. MSDS certification assessment report is the product of the importing country laws and request. Written assessment of chemicals present law, the international community is still no uniform standard, generally accepted version of the International Union of EEC / ISO version, and the United States OSHA and ANSI versions. Because each country, and even chemicals in various states of legal document management and trade is not the same, some change every month, if you provide the MSDS report is incorrect or incomplete information, will face legal accountability. Therefore, the current foreign customers typically require their material suppliers to provide third-party testing organization by the professional conduct of the MSDS material certification spectrum of Nepalese security assessment report, to prevent the material suppliers have written to the MSDS report does not comply with the relevant national law, MSDS or Material Safety Data provided in the report does not match the real cause of accidents and the legal liability. Regulatory Information Chemical Dangerous Goods Safety Management Regulations (February 17, 1987 the State Council), the chemical Dangerous Goods Safety Management Regulations implementing rules (of labor [1992] No. 677), the workplace safe use of chemicals ([1996] labor Ministry No. 423) and other regulations for the safe use of hazardous chemicals, production, storage, transport, handling, etc. are made corresponding provisions; commonly used classification of dangerous chemicals and signs (GB 13690-92) the material designated as Class 3.2 flash point flammable liquids.
Win7, Office2010 MAK key collection (from flying blog)
March 3, 2011
MAK keys are from the following flying blog, so stay tuned: http://hi.baidu.com/guoguo6688/blog
Microsoft For large customers to purchase Office Professional Plus VOL Edition, Windows Enterprise Edition and Professional Edition, mainly in two activation: First, MAK. “MAK” the biggest advantage is the “direct link activation” and “one-time permanent activation.” Second, KMS. By KMS server to achieve 180 days cycle activation (MiniKMS the latest version here ↓ http://hi.baidu.com/guoguo6688/blog/item/fda499ec0 d7bc133269791df.html).
“MAK” key part of online “scarce resources”! First, the use of “MAK” key once to activate, it will reduce the number from the total active time, until a “0.” Only when the “customers” pay again, Microsoft will pay the amount as “the number of authorized active” so that “MAK key” re-energized. Therefore, users have been activated to save “bullets” will leave the number of active users who have not yet activated. Second, the activation is important to note activate the backup file to reload the file to be activated to restore activation (how to back up, win7 here ↓, Office2010 see the end the http://hi.baidu.com/guoguo6688/blog/item/ea330f7a4 be5a8e72e73b3ec . html).
Win7 Enterprise Edition, Professional Edition MAK key collection: (2010.11.4 13:00 test results shown in Figure)
PW7MF-WBHYD-CVJQV-GWX82-RHMPY
49CGJ-4MTTF-WCM4W-K8WMG-3G2VT
4JKGW-QRJQ3-7JTC8-393YK-YXMWP
2M88X-C34XV-X9DG7-2D6JV-MP8VD < br />
YRP38-GK3BX-Q4R4B-JM2PC-H8T38
PVKW3-2BJG3-H6298-4DPQQ-JD3BQ
HWB8P-KJPWY-XWMKQ-KQ86K-X2BJG
24B4T-3PJGD-QXB3Q-8MW3R-T9KCK
6MFFY-PK79Y-BPGC8-FWM76-4K24Y
2KKHM-KB366-YYB8R-C4M3P- XBY8W
7RWBY-WT9KY-3BDJ2-9PYWC-GXKTP
XF6B9-DQGTB-XHVPR-JTD9F-QGDDW
Office 2010 Professional Plus “VOL” version of the MAK key collection: (2010.11.4 13:00 test results shown in Figure)
(key “return 0″ can be used after the “phone” mode activation.)
828CH-G4FPY-HMH4R-32GCK-6D9BH
MKCGC-FBXRX-BMJX6-F3Q8C-2QC6P
V6TH8-HCFG3-GW3PX-CCDGW-GBBXX
3W3MQ-H7M6X-3WYP7-TPCH6-8G8T2
D699H-6T3DG-MC2TX-7PB2B-WVY2R
CRGRB-CJ4FX-Y4WBX-DCXBQ-Q8RTY
< br /> in flying blog, certain death on the MAK key → → “God” help solve the problem → desires rebirth, the relevant frequent word, here used the following test tool ↓
1. test Microsoft Windows and Office 2010 “MAK key” activation number of the official Microsoft tool
Microsoft official name of the tool: Volume Activation Management Tool, referred to as “VAMT 2.0″ (Simplified Chinese). This tool features a lot, one of which is: you can accurately test for Windows 7/Vista/Server 2008 and Office 2010 “VOL” big customer version of the “MAK key” activation count.
Microsoft official download tools:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/E/D/1EDE7 B88-6E64-4E2B-A85B-E87AF4C0E85F / vamtMMC.msi
– Thunder download.
test activations methods:
first step, open the “VAMT 2.0″ installation folder, run “VAMT” execution, click the Tools menu on the left “Product keys”; < br />
the second step, a MAK key will copy / paste “Product key” right of the box, do the “Verify”; the same key again to copy / paste “Remarks (required)” Right borders, the implementation of “Add Product Key”;
third step, click bar appears below the “MAK key” feature items, run the tool on the main menu “Operation” / Refresh Product key Date Online , can be tested through the Microsoft server, display “MAK key” remaining activation count.
2. test “MAK keys activate the remaining number of” gadgets Download:
http://www.rayfile.com/files/ec2e5521-7c44-11df- ae 5f-0015c55db73d /
Microsoft Authorized Large customers Windows 7 Enterprise, Professional Edition “MAK activation key” when there is a leak. If you find that you can use this gadget for its “number of activations remaining” for testing. Specific detection methods:
running tool “VAMT”, followed by selection in the menu: Option -> Manage MAK Key -> Add, then pop-up dialog box: in the MAK ProductKey enter the “MAK key “, then next to Validate, after a minute or so, after verification, there will be displayed in MAKEdition Type” MAK key “to activate the system. Then there re-enter in the Description “MAK key”, then Add, you can see the “MAK key” is added to the list, but Remaining Activations shows NotAvailable (not available): Please do not worry – and then point Refresh Remaining Count connection authentication server for authentication, in the Remaining Activations number shown below, is the “MAK key” number of the current still remaining active.
3. “Windows 7 key” detection tool to download:
At present, the “Windows 7 key”, there are four: OEM key (for “soft change “and” hard brush “activation), KMS key (by” KMS server “activation), MAK key (direct activation volume network), telephone activation key (by dialing” Microsoft Customer “activation). Mixed head of fish facing the Internet, real to the enemy many “key”, with the help of this gadget super test function, we can provide you with valuable scientific information.
now offer this “gadget” Download: http://d.namipan.com/d/7ddf769eee2724b16f6b90631a0 31d7086e4f42b9b080c00
Usage: Run “win7.pid.key. checker “, will be ready to test the key, copy / paste” Produck Key “, press” Check “began to be tested and gives the final result.
(Office 2010 Professional Plus “VOL” version of the MAK key “return 0″ can be used after the “phone” mode activation.)
successful telephone activation, is necessary to operate the whole process of “careful, correct” as a precondition. First of all, can not copy error, error ID; Second, can not press the wrong key again. To landline “telephone activation” as an example: choose products according to “2″ (Office) – Enter the installation ID-9 group by “1″ (local installation) – press “1″ (the original installation has been uninstalled) – activated transcription 8 groups ID-OK! . As a result of operational errors refused to activate the ID, Microsoft activation servers will be down “hardware hash”, resulting in repeated activation of null and void. Solution: In the Device Manager, disable some drivers or some device to get new ID to re-activate the phone.
on the basis of the activation re-install the original key can be used for direct [Top] Everbright Bank credit card fees out more than a year collects 200 the first year of network activation. Principle above: Microsoft activation server has activated the first note of the “hardware hash.” Nevertheless, it is recommended that users have been activated: activate back up files for future re-installation “of a key recovery” activated. Flying for everyone to provide a “batch” (download http://d.namipan.com/d/2e905f7cbad790f5ef9e82531ee 243d9c77efe64fe020000), it will bring you convenience (hint: the main interface with “C Backup” and “D recovery” two option).
Introduction to HttpClient
June 27, 2011
More articles
Description: HttpClient is a subproject under Apache Jakarta Common , can be used to provide efficient, new, feature-rich client-side HTTP protocol support for programming toolkit, and it supports the latest version of the HTTP protocol and recommendations. This paper describes the HTTPClient, then the author gives some practical work experience common solution to the problem.
HttpClient About
HTTP protocol may be used on the Internet is now the most, the most important agreement, and a growing number of Java applications need to access directly through the HTTP protocol network resources. Although the java.net package in the JDK provides access to the HTTP protocol has the basic functions, but for most applications, JDK library function itself is not enough rich and flexible. HttpClient is ApacheJakarta Common under the sub, to provide efficient, new, feature-rich client-side HTTP protocol support for programming toolkit, and it supports the latest version of the HTTP protocol and recommendations. HttpClient has been applied in many projects, such as Apache Jakarta on the other two very well-known open source projects have used Cactus and HTMLUnit HttpClient, more applications can be found using HttpClient http://wiki.apache.org/jakarta- httpclient / HttpClie ntPowered. HttpClient project is very active, with people still very much. HttpClient version is currently in the 2005.10.11 release 3.0 RC4.
Top
HttpClient Features
Listed below are the HttpClient provides the major functions, to know more detailed feature See the HttpClient home.
The following will introduce how to use each of these features. First, we must be installed HttpClient.
HttpClient can http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/downl oads.html download
HttpClient uses the Apache Jakarta common under the sub-logging, You can from this address http://jakarta.apache.org/site/downloads/downloads _commons-logging.cgi downloaded to common logging, download the compressed package from the remove commons-logging.jar added to the CLASSPATH
HttpClient uses the Apache Jakarta common under the sub-codec, you can from this address http://jakarta.apache.org/site/downloads/downloads _commons-codec.cgi download the latest common codec, from After downloading the compressed package to remove commons-codec-1.x.jar added to the CLASSPATH
HttpClient use the basic functions
GET method
use HttpClient requires the following six steps:
1. create the HttpClient instance
2. to create an instance of a connection method, here is the GetMethod. GetMethod constructor in the incoming address to be connected
3. Call a good first step in creating an instance of the execute method to perform the second step in creating a good method instance
4 reading response
5. release the connection. Whether the success of the implementation method, must release the connection
6. Of the contents to be processed after
Based on the above steps, we write using the GET method to get the content of a page the code.
HttpClient most cases, the default constructor is sufficient to use.
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient ();
create an instance of the GET method. In the GET method to be passed in the constructor of the connection address. GetMethod forward with the process will be handled automatically, if you want to automate the process of removing the forwarding, you can call the method setFollowRedirects (false).
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod (“http://www.ibm.com/”);
call instance httpClient the executeMethod approach to the implementation getMethod. Since the implementation of the program on the network, running executeMethod method, to deal with two exceptions, namely, HttpException and IOException. The first is caused by abnormalities of the main reasons may be passed in the constructor getMethod when the agreement does not, such as careless “http” to write “htp”, or the server returns the contents of the irregularities, and the exception is not recovery; The second exception is usually caused due to network anomalies, for this anomaly (IOException), HttpClient will be assigned based on your recovery strategy automatically try to re-run executeMethod method. HttpClient can be customized recovery strategies (achieved by implementing the interface HttpMethodRetryHandler). SetParameter set by httpClient way to achieve your recovery strategy, this article uses the default system recovery strategy that anomalies in the second encounter, when will automatically retry three times. executeMethod return value is an integer representing the server to perform the method returns the status code, status code can be expressed in the successful implementation of the method, place the page requires authentication or jump (default GetMethod instance is handled automatically jump rpm), etc.
/ / set to default recovery strategy, when an exception occurs automatically retry three times, where you can also set a custom recovery strategy getMethod.getParams (). setParameter (HttpMethodParam s.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler ());
/ / execute getMethodint statusCode = client.executeMethod (getMethod);
if (statusCode! = HttpStatus.SC_OK) {< br />
System.err.println (“Method failed:” getMethod.getStatusLine ());
}
in the returned status code is correct , you can get the content. Destination address to obtain the contents of three ways: first, getResponseBody, the method returns the target of the binary byte stream; second, getResponseBodyAsString, this method returns a String, it is worth noting that the method returns a String The code is based on the system default encoding, so return the String value type may be coded wrong in this article, “Character Encoding” section which will be described in detail; third, getResponseBodyAsStream, this method has the destination address need to transfer large amounts of data is the best. Here we use the most simple getResponseBody method.
byte [] responseBody = method.getResponseBody ();
release the connection. Whether the success of the implementation method, must release the connection.
method.releaseConnection ();
processing content. In this step you need to be addressed according to the content, in the example simply prints the contents to the console.
System.out.println (new String (responseBody));
Here is the complete program code, which can also be found in the annex of the test.GetSample.
package test;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient .*;
< br /> import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodPar ams;
public class GetSample {
public static void main (String [] args) {
/ / construct instance of HttpClient HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient ();
/ / GET method to create an instance of
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod (“http://www.ibm.com”);
/ / use the default system recovery Strategy getMethod.getParams (). setParameter (HttpMethodParam s.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler ());
try {
/ / execute getMethodint statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod (getMethod) ;
if (statusCode! = HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println (“Method failed:” getMethod.getStatusLine ());
}
/ / read the contents of the byte [] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody ();
/ / handle the content System.out.println (new String ( responseBody));
} catch (HttpException e) {
/ / fatal exception, or may not return the contents of the agreement in question
System.out.println (“Please check your provided http address!”);
e.printStackTrace ();} catch (IOException e) {/
/ A network anomaly e.printStackTrace ();} finally {
/ / release the connection getMethod.releaseConnection ();
}
}
}
POST method
According to RFC2616, the following explanation of the POST: POST method to send a request to the destination server, asking it to accept the attached request of the entity, and treat it as a request queue (Request-Line) specified in the request URI, additional resources, the new subkey. POST is designed to use a unified approach to achieve the following functions:
annotation of existing resources (Annotation of existing resources)
to electronic bulletin boards, newsgroups, mailing lists Send a message similar to discussion groups or
submit data blocks, such as the form of the results to the data processing
to extend the database through an append operation
HttpClient call GetMethod similar in PostMethod and, in addition to setting PostMethod GetMethod some instances and different from the rest of the steps are similar. In the following example, eliminating the need for GetMethod the same with the steps described above only different places, and to log Tsinghua BBS as an example to illustrate.
PostMethod constructed before the steps are the same, and GetMethod like structure PostMethod also need a URI parameter, in this case, registered address is http://www.newsmth.net/bbslogin2.php After creating an instance of PostMethod, you need to fill in a form of value method instance, BBS login form in the need to have two domains, the first is the user name (domain name id), the second is the password (domain name passwd). Fields in the form used to represent the class NameValuePair, the class constructor first parameter is the domain name, the second parameter is the field value; will set the value to all forms PostMethod using methods setRequestBody. In addition, as BBS login is successful will turn another page, but HttpClient for follow-up services required to accept the request, such as POST and PUT, do not support auto-forwarding, so the need to turn the page to do their own processing. Specific treatment, see the following page turn “automatic shift” section. Code is as follows:
String url = “http://www.eltuan.com”;
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod (url);
/ / fill in each form field value
NameValuePair [] data = {
new NameValuePair (“id”, “youUserName”), new NameValuePair (“passwd “,” yourPwd “)
};
/ / the form values ??into postMethod in
postMethod.setRequestBody (data);
/ / execute postMethod
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod (postMethod);
/ / HttpClient for follow-up services required to accept the request, as POST and PUT can not automatically handle such forward
/ / 301 or 302
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY| statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) {
/ / remove from scratch, turning the address Header locationHeader = postMethod.getResponseHeader (“location”);
String location = null;
if (locationHeader! = null) {
location = locationHeader.getValue ();
System.out.println (“The page was redirected to:” location);
} else {
System.err.println (“Location field value is null.”);
}
return;
}
complete code, see the attached test.PostSample
use HttpClient some common problems during
< br /> The following describes the process of using HttpClient some common problems.
character encoding of a target page code may appear in two places, first place is the http header returned by the server, another place is to get the html / xml the page.
in the Content-Type http header fields may contain character encoding information. For example, the first may be returned will contain information like this: Content-Type: text / html; charset = UTF-8. The header information indicates that the page encoding is UTF-8, but the server returns the contents of the header information may not be able to match. For some countries, such as double-byte language, the server may return the encoding type is UTF-8, but the real content is not UTF-8 encoding, and therefore need another place to get the code page information; but if the server returns encoding is not UTF-8, but some of the specific encoding, such as gb2312, etc., may be that the server returns the correct encoding information. By the method object getResponseCharSet () method can be encoded in the http header information.
For such as xml or html file, allowing authors to specify the encoding directly in the page type. For example, in the html tag will be
automatic steering in the automatic steering according to RFC2616 definition, there are mainly two: 301 and 302.301 that the permanent removal (MovedPermanently), when the return is 301, then the requested resource has been moved to a new fixed place, any request will be initiated to address to the new address. 302 said the temporary move, such as a servlet on the server side program calls the sendRedirect method, then the client will get a 302 code, then the server returns the header information in the location value is turned to the destination address sendRedirect.
HttpClient supports automatic steering handle, but as POST and PUT methods required to accept this way of follow-up service request, temporarily does not support automatic steering, so if you hit return after the submission of the POST method is 301 or 302 if necessary to deal with. Just like in the examples in POSTMethod: If you want to enter the login page after BBS, must be re-initiated login request to the address in the location field in the header to be. But note that sometimes the relative location path may be returned, so the need to return the value of the location to do some processing before they can initiate a request to the new address.
Another addition to the information contained in the first page may redirect occurs, the page may also occur in the redirect page. Cause the label is automatically forwarded page:
handle HTTPS protocol
HttpClient provides support for SSL, SSL must be installed before using JSSE. After the Sun 1.4 version, JSSE has been integrated into the JDK, if you are using JDK1.4, you must install the previous version of JSSE. Different manufacturers have different JSSE implementations. Here how to use HttpClient to open Https connection. There are two ways to open a https connection, the first is to get a certificate server, then import to the local keystore; Another way is through the expansion of the HttpClient class to automatically accept the certificate.
Method 1, to obtain a certificate, and import the local keystore:
Install JSSE (if you are using JDK version 1.4 or 1.4 above, you can skip this step). In this paper, for the example of IBM JSSE. IBM JSSE first Web site to download the installation package. Then extract the package after opening the ibmjsse.jar copy
to obtain and import the certificate. Certificate through IE to get: 1. Need to connect with IE to open an https site, the following dialog box will pop up:
2. Click “View Certificate”, the pop-up dialog box, select “Details”, then click “Copy toFile”, according to the guide provides access to web pages to be generated certificate file
3. The first step wizard, the Welcome screen, just click “Next”,
4. Wizard step, select the export file format, the default, click “Next”,
5. The third step wizard, enter the name of the exported file, type, click “Next”,
6. The fourth step wizard, click “Finish”, complete the wizard
7. Finally, a dialog box pops up, showing the export is successful
just using the keytool utility to export the certificate into the local keystore. Keytool command
keytool-import – noprompt-keystore cacerts-storepass changeit-alias yourEntry1-file your.cer
alias followed by the value of the parameter which is the current certificate in k [Top] Everbright Bank Credit Card 200 the first year costs more than a year out collects eystore a unique identifier, but case-insensitive; parameter file followed by the export certificate through IE just where the path and file name; If you want to delete the certificate you just imported into the keystore, you can use the command: < br />
keytool-delete-keystore cacerts-storepass changeit-alias yourEntry1
write programs to access the https address. If you want to test whether connected to https, only need to slightly change it GetSample example, to request the target into a https address.
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod (“https://www.yourdomain.com”);
run the program issues that may arise:
1 throws java.net.SocketException: Algorithm SSL notavailable. This anomaly may be because there is no increase JSSEProvider, if IBM JSSEProvider, in the process of accession to this line:
if (Security.getProvider (“com.ibm.jsse.IBMJSSEProvi der” ) == null) Security.addProvider (new IBMJSSEProvider ());
or you can open
security.provider.1 = sun.security.provider.Sunsecur ity.provider.2 = com.ibm.crypto.provider.IBMJCE
later joined security.provider.3 = com.ibm.jsse . IBMJSSEProvider
2. throw an exception java.net.SocketException: SSL implementation notavailable. This anomaly may arise that you did not ibmjsse.jar copy
3. an exception javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: unknowncertificate. This exception appears that you have correctly installed the JSSE should, but probably because you did not import the certificate into the JRE keystore is currently running, follow the steps described above to import your certificate.
Method 2, extended HttpClient class automatically accept the certificate
because this method automatically receive all the certificates, so there are some security problems, so before using this method carefully consider your system security requirements. Specific steps are as follows:
provide a custom socketfactory (test.MySecureProtocolSocketFactory). This custom class must implement the interface org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProto colSocketFactory, a class that implements the interface to call custom X509TrustManager (test.MyX509TrustManager), with two classes in the Annex to this band get
create a org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol instance, specify the protocol name and the default port number
Protocol myhttps = new Protocol (“https” , new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory (), 443);
registered https protocol object just created
Protocol.registerProtocol (“https”, myhttps);
and then follow the common goal of programmatically open https address, code, see test.NoCertificationHttpsGetSample
handle proxy server
HttpClient using a proxy server is very simple, call setProxy method in HttpClient can, the method of the first parameter is the proxy server address, the second parameter is the port number. In addition HttpClient also support SOCKS proxy.
conclusion from the above description, you can know HttpClient http protocol support for very good, very simple to use, version updates, fast, powerful function, with adequate flexibility and scalability. For those who want direct access to the Java application programmers who http resources, HttpClient is a rare good tool.
reference
Commonslogging contains a variety of logging API implementations, the reader can get through the site http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/logging/ detailed content
Commonscodec contains some general decoding / encoding algorithm. Include speech coding, hex, Base64 and URL encoding, etc., can be detailed by http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/codec/ content
rfc2616 on HTTP/1.1 document, you can get in http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html details, other rfc1945 on HTTP/1.0 document, through http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1945 . html get details
SSL – SSL is Netscape Communications Corporation developed in 1994, and TLS V1.0 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-defined standard, it is based on SSLV3 .0, and its on the encryption algorithm used is slightly different. For example, SSL uses Message AuthenticationCode (MAC) algorithm to generate the integrity check value, while the TLS application key Hashing for Message AuthenticationCode (HMAC) algorithm.
IBM JSSE provides SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport LayerSecurity) to achieve the java in http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/soft ware / java / jsse.html can get detailed information
Keytool is a key and certificate management tool. Detailed information about its use in http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/csg/java/1.3.1docs/tooldoc s / solaris / keytool.html get
HTTPClient the Home is http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/, where you can get more detailed information on HttpClient
Seventh International Biennial Awards for Trademark winning logo unveiled
October 18, 2011
· Seventh International trademark logo Single of the Year Award Winners Announced love Tianjin! 98.3% of the people love the city more beautiful as the reasons Tianjin Tianjin cartoonist, “90th Anniversary” Xian Houli old painter Du Mingcen substantial new landscape for the creation of defeat “tight Yue Chaoyang” surging momentum of the original men each month there are “big Uncle “· a woman most” sex “urgent desire to upgrade the six scenes flirt with classic round style seduce him 10 minutes to see the selective nature of man most likely to make a man” possessed “woman Su Qin: After breaking up pregnant children how to do not run! Flirting with men and you remove the force system of the seven signs of release: failure of the seven remaining women refining the most desirable elements of a woman what kind of man the temptation to embark on logistics Binhai New Area, “plus a negative way,” · I have failed three sections of the feelings I want to have pure love girl Binhai New Area gleaned for sub-regional bank and then “Party Albert” books, starting with the same name will be called on their own more books Xiaoguang suck Haitai development: Seventh Third Earnings Release Board singing of the General Assembly held in Binhai New Area, Hangu, “sing the anthem dedicated to the coastal Party” · Binhai New Area to prevent hidden dangers all in Tianjin Hi-Tech digital rights trading center fully operational and Culture Creative Industry Forum to open the altar Tianjin hit star union legal aid work sit forum held in the first high-tech zone with the advent of intellectual property rights of drug-loaded stent Tianjin TEDA largest range of artificial turf pitch in the doors enable the Tanggu Tanggu officially lost reputation of the police round focus off of more than 200 gaming machines held in Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone “6.16 Corporate Services Reception Day,” the world most sexy female line female sports reporter reporter Intermediate teeth topped 624 volunteers to defend the Binhai New Area of ??Tianjin Binhai New Area was lost community safety, “National Disability wild for Advanced Unit” electric car test of social management should not be a ban of the new North Street and Tianjin University of Technology jointly launched the Food Safety Campaign “instant office” appearance Binhai New Area of ??Tianjin TEDA MSD · China to build vocational skills training center lost public Binhai New Area held the largest flood drought prevention work meeting all hidden dangers in the rainy season rain gear incorporated to pay attention to “jincheng water bus” Jiu San Society in Tianjin Binhai New Area, a more civilized the first Congress of Association for Promoting Democracy Binhai New Area, the first group to attend Congress Zhang Junfang Figure: Wet
Reproduced what does a good translator need to know?
June 12, 2011
What does a translator need to know? Manypeople tend to give their answers immediately. But it would be quite naturalfor someone outside this profession to say he needs to be good at bothlanguages ??on the assumption that translation means saying one thing twice. Following this logic our society has goodreasons to promote language training programs for those who would like to dotranslation within their ken of subject. Now training programs seem inadequateany more. In view of the great demands for good interpreters and lucrativeprofit (for some) some universities are now going to cook up degree programs.There is nothing wrong to create such a degree program because we will neverhave enough of professionals for our society that leaps so rapidly. The questionis who is going to be trained? In other words who does the program want torecruit? To answer this question, the logic is toknow what qualities a translator needs in order to be called “good”. The question now becomes a littlecomplicated because it depends on who is going to set up criteria. In a societywhere our graduates have to make their living in return for their services foremployers, university degree programs have to shut up then. How would anemployer judge whether a translator is good or bad? As a practitioner andteacher for many years I would like to make the secrets open to you (sorry, youmay have already known them if you have quite a lot of social experience). 1. If your employer happens to need aperson as shopping escort for a foreigner (not VIP, remember), a smatteringknowledge of English would be enough. And most of our vocational schoolgraduates (Band 4 Certificate is irrelevant) would be qualified as “good”. 2. If your employer wants you to work in abusiness exhibition booth as a receptionist, you don need to be a collegeEnglish major to be qualified as “good interpreter”. Some colloquial routineswould serve your purpose. (Why? Visitors would not chat with you for an hour.)
3. If your job is a conference translator (not as a guide or assistant), you need some special training when you were acollege student. So you better have some training in an English major (because reading something aloud melodiously is not an easy job.). But if youare not, you should congratulate yourself on working with those officials orVIPs because they like to stick almost word for word to the pre-fabricatedspeech script (you have it as an incidental benefit). Your reading aloud skillsbecome very critical, and your presentation manners become important, plus, youshould look good on the podium (3 inches away from the speakers). For thoseconferences without scripts or no time to study scripts before the meeting, yourknowledge of language and subject will be equally important. Unless you workhard on subjects beside English otherwise you need to be a genius or someonewith paranormal skills to know, at the snap of your fingers, what y key machine defecate annual fee credit card consumers of the new rules ou havenever heard of or seen before. (The Nobel Prize Committee would be bankruptedif this happened.) But there is hope here for those who happen to major in thesubject in question. What you need is probably the English proficiencyequivalent to Band 6 with about 100 hours of training in practicing “saying onething twice”. And it is highly likelyyou will build up your reputation in this field as a specialist translator! This is something that you can be proud of and you are highly likely to becomean asset to your employer.
4. Chances are that you may be employed totranslate business negotiations (not between two governments of course). To behonest, English is not a priority any more because everybody gets down tobusiness now. While a conference translation can be quite misleading aboutone English ability, business negotiation is concerned with the results ofthe talk. Everything may be touched upon during the talk; nobody would give thetranslator a script before the result comes out. Here is a list of the things agood translator needs to know (quickly of course): knowledge of the issues tobe discussed, knowledge of business background (micro-level, usually notavailable at the Internet, far less from the training course, or degreeprograms), ability to detect the nuisances and subtleties in the talk (illocutionary meaning in the professor jargon) and … (I can go on with thelist, but to tell you the truth, English is definitely not within the firstfive qualities!)
Well, now enough with the “secrets,” and Idon want to talk any more about different meanings of “good translators”. Ifpeople have a lot of money (and time of course) to spend on their education, itshould be encouraged. I sincerely wish the program prosperous. But I also hopethe program be honest in their promotion to tell those dewyed prospective highschool recruits that subject knowledge and social skills are a sine quo non fordong a good job in translation.
Scripts gun stuff life: As the saying goes (excerpt)
March 8, 2011
Software flights
gentleman For Ne in words and sensitive to the line. We are the future of the outbreak in silence IT professionals! Compassion
have a central and southern Latin America called “Na tender,” the jungle. Accept tender jungle inhabited by a man named “Na Kuke” primitive tribes. “Naku Ke” in the local language means “satisfied that the magical jungle tender race” or “satisfied with the magic of the jungle and tender person.”
Na Kuke people by planting called “Ba Xinsa” plants for a living. Simple language that makes them work too simple, so people do not Naku Ke literature. However, there is a poem, in this tribe from generation to generation for thousands of years.
This poem is all their literature, they all beliefs, all of them are written the Ministry of fate
secret curse. If you use the Latin alphabet, this poem should be written – keshiwomenshiduomedemiaoxiaoa. If translated into Chinese, a word should be so –
However, how small we are ah.
have Zhuer
RioMa say that they are: single, notavailable. And translated into: single, If his.
said to him, I think a better translation is: single, and there Zhuer.
He said this is too contradictory, and can not be too contradictory.
or can say single, notcapable.
can be translated into: single, with no ability to love.
allergic Ningba prevention tips
below describes a young healthy tips –
screw bar is spring allergy season disease, mainly in young men and women 18-30 years of age. The main symptoms are palpitations, irritability, Biequ felt myself particularly good to see what is not pleasing to the eye, do not order, smoking, drinking, mindless, happy, etc., occasionally accompanied by loss of appetite sex drive ([original] ABC high-end credit card annual fee credit card charges “smoke and mirrors” _852 or excitement), mild narcissism (or masochistic) tendencies. According to international research data show that the disease is currently no cure for drugs and treatment, but generally self-healing, and will not cause more serious complications.
harmony Hospital, Beijing, no, Union Hospital Chief Lee said screw Bako: around the screw bar allergic patients, or their corresponding symptoms, do not panic, you can take the appropriate first aid measures, such as the spot pumping Ah two hundred big mouth, material should be recovered. Severe symptoms, dosage can be Zhuojia.
of taste home cooking. Eggplant. In the meantime, broken glass lamp weekend missed, children poured half a bottle of soy sauce, rub the five or six times, since there is looming within the sauce kitchen overflowing. Can not long stand,? Child feel uncomfortable. Remember once at home, a dozen kilometers away from the wind exhaust monosodium glutamate factory, filled with villages, is this taste.
dinner is at home yesterday, is pepper sesame oil noodles – pan add pepper dozens of tablets, slow fried in the fire (well done on the paste), blow fragrance children, off fire, pouring in a small bowl of child soy sauce (soy sauce on the common good, do not use soy sauce), the place, and let cool. If too thick or too little light can be added into the soup, or the amount of salt, pepper oil Serve. And then with the advance? Good with sesame noodles (cooked surface of cold water over two to three times), accompanied by a child cool cucumber, garlic and a petal, live together.
This is a child from eating the first insight into where my grandmother , a look that poor to eat. My mother would not Qiaode, these years basically did not do, but also, this approach is to learn with her. Yesterday was my first time trial, successfully, marinated fear and trepidation of the surface, a food, it is also the year that taste.
Wang Shuo in “and talk to our daughter,” says – a long time in the crack with a young, old, one day to go home, not to learn some of their appetite and do it very convenient dishes, after two decades lonesome.
eggplant, pepper oil noodles, my appetite, do not trouble them, are considered such. In fact, whether “to taste” or “stomach”, is nothing more than childhood memories of food, “Betty Kitchen” a few years ago had a cookbook out called “childhood favorite dishes,” I think this child on the very title have insight – Anyway, I have been placed on a bookshelf child.
everyone has a busy stove
read the book to a “lost chicken” poem, written by Pan Ming Wang –
his life Danbo, chicken children seen, the boys off coke. Everyone has a busy stove, cooking any kitchen. He posted three burning soup, fried palm to help him a pepper, I drive down the host province. Free end toward the crowing, sleep until the sun high.
there is another first –
footer shred of dignity large pool of seven feet, San Cunshe non-wind, a pair of people seeing an official, the door two feet along the good news. Onlooker said: Who is who? East Gun said: Yes you are you.
after two years had two names, I have to changed.
0.7.1 RunAlyzer
May 3, 2011
RunAlyzer is a brand new automatic startup and configuration management enables you to view and edit programs or services to start Windows to find the location of all the attractions. This is a combination of standard and advanced configuration manager tool to find and delete hijackers, spyware and other malicious software hiding place.
features:
* Automatic startup entry-RunAlyzer shows a lot of places to start when Windows starts using nothing more applications. This is a good tune your system and look for spyware, viruses or other malicious software.
* analysis-RunAlyzer with a known database entries [original] ABC high-end credit card annual fee credit card charges “smoke and mirrors” _852, and from our server for the latest Find online entry classification. Simple colors – green good, red for bad – will give a brief overview of what you need. Our detectives will even your simple functions into the application submitted to us to classify any unknown entries.
* login function should be to get help from another place, RunAlyzer can export log files to create a Spybot S
LED Lights for Headlights
June 8, 2011
LED Lighting is energy efficient and longlasting. This article on LED Lights for Headlights provides you with all theinformation on how and why to use LED Lights for Headlights. For anyone who doubts that LED lights forheadlights are the trendiest innovation in today vehicles, just look at theassortment of premium cars that come with factory installed LED lamps. At themoment, LED lights for headlights are only installed on high end vehicles, butanalysts predict that within the next few years they will be standard issue onmost moderate to upper priced vehicles. The reason for this is quite simple, really. LED lamps provide quality lighting and trendy appeal like no other typelamp is able to do. Premium Vehicles with Factory Installed LEDLightsCurrently Audi, Cadillac, Lexus and Priuscome with factory equipped LED lights for vehicles, or at least with the optionto have them installed by the manufacturer. While the lights were originallyfeatured in the Audi A8, the Cadillac Escalade and the Lexus LS600H, they arenow available in other premium vehicles. Automakers have recently begunequipping hybrid vehicles with LED lights for headlights and soon the trendwill trickle down to other mid-range cars. The reason why LED lights enteredthe industry through premium vehicles is because they afford a arketingedge, according to Electronics Weekly. LED lights provide what high-endvehicles need and that is flawless style while remaining visually distinctive. Energy Efficient LED Lights for HeadlightsAt the moment, the most energy efficientheadlights in vehicles are Xenon which rate at 35 watts, while Halogen lampscome in at 55 watts. One of the reasons LED lights are projected to overtakethe market in the [recommended] off the credit card we charge an annual fee you know? next few years is because they use only 19 watts for the sameluminance as the Halogen 55 watt and the Xenon 35 watt. Also, there is agreater emphasis than every before to go green in the auto industry. Along withhybrid and sustainable energy powered vehicles, LED lamps are the mostrevolutionary eco-friendly product to ever hit the market. No dangerous metalsare used in manufacturing LED lights for headlights, and they have a muchsmaller carbon footprint. There are retrofit LED lamps available formany makes and models of vehicles which can be purchased online if notavailable in local automotive stores. In fact, the best deals may be foundonline and the availability is apt to be more reliable as well . Whether lookingfor a trendy advantage in illumination, or a product that has a lifespan ofmore than 50,000 hours, LED lamps are consumers number one choice.